UFUGAJI BORA WA NG'OMBE WA MAZIWA.

Ng'ombe hutoa maziwa lakini pia hutoa mazao mengine kama ngozi,mbolea na hutumika kama wanyama kazi. Zaidi ya asilimia 95 ya ng,ombe hutumika kama wanyama kazi.

Zaidi ya asilimia 95 ya ng’ombe wanaofugwa hapa nchini ni wa asili ambao huzalisha nyama na maziwa kwa kiwango kidogo ikilinganishwa na wale wachache walioboreshwa. Ng’ombe walioboreshwa wamegawanyika katika makundi mawili.
.Wale wanaofugwa kwa ajili ya nyama na wanaofugwa kwa ajili ya maziwa.

Ili kuwawezesha ng’ombe kuzalisha mazao bora ya nyama, maziwa na ngozi mfugaji anapaswa kufuata kanuni za ufugaji bora ambazo ni pamoja na:-

Kufuga ng’ombe katika eneo kwa kuzingatia uwiano wa idadi ya ng’ombe na malisho katika mfumo wa ufugaji huria.
1. Kujenga banda au zizi bora.

2. Kuchagua koo/aina ya ng’ombe kulingana na uzalishaji (nyama au maziwa).

3.Kutunza makundi mbalimbali ya ng’ombe kulinga na umri na hatua ya uzalishaji.

4. Kumpa ng’ombe lishe sahihi kulingana na umri na mahitaji ya mwili.

5. Kudhibiti magonjwa ya ng’ombe kama inavyoshauriwa na mtaalamu wa mifguo.

6. Kuvuna mifugo katika umri na uzito muafaka kulingana na mahitaji ya soko.

7. Kuzalisha maziwa, nyama na ngozi zinazokidhi viwango vya ubora na usalama.

8. Kutunza kumbukumbu za uzalishaji na matukio muhimu ya ufugaji.

MIFUMO YA UFUGAJI.

Ng’ombe wanaweza kufugwa katika mfumo wa ufugaji huria au kulishwa katika banda (ufugaji shadidi).

Ufugaji huria huhitaji eneo kubwa la ardhi yenye malisho mazuri na vyanzo vya maji. Pamoja na kuwa na ufugaji huu, ni muhimu ardhi hiyo itunzwe kwa kuzingatia uwiano wa idadi ya ng’ombe na malisho. Ufugaji wa shadidi uzingatie uwepo wa banda bora na lishe sahihi.

UFUGAJI KATIKA MFUMO HURIA.

Ili mfugaji aweze kupata mazao mengi na bora katika ufugaji huria anapaswa kuzingatia yafuatayo:-

1. Atenge eneo la kutosha la kufugia kulingana na idadi ya ng’ombe alionao.

2. Atunze malisho ili yawe endelevu na yapatikana wakati wote.

3. Awe na eneo lenye maji ya kutosha na Atenganishe madume na majike ili kuzuia ng’ombe kuzaa bila mpangilio.

Matunzo mengine ya ng’ombe yazingatie vigezo vingine muhimu kama;
   - umri,
    - hatua ya uzalishaji
     - matumizi ya ng’ombe      husika.

BANDA/ZIZI BORA LA NG’OMBE BANDA BORA.

Banda lijengwe sehemu ya mwinuko mbali kidogo na makazi ya watu na liwe na sifa zifuatazo; 

1. Uwezo wa kumkinga ng’ombe dhidi ya mvua, upepo, jua kali na baridi.

2. Kuta imara zenye matunda au madirisha kwa ajili ya kuingiza hewa na mwanga wa kutosha, Sakafu yenye mwinuko upande mmoja ili isiruhusu maji na uchafu kutuama.

3. Lijengwe katika hali ya kuruhusu kufanyiwa usafi kwa urahisi kila siku, na sakafu ngumu ya zege au udongo ulioshindiliwa na kuweka malalo.

4. Paa lisilovuja.

Aidha kwa wafugaji wanaofuga katika ufugaji huria ambako mazizi hutumika, inashauriwa kuzingatia yafuatayo:-

1.Zizi likae mahali pa mwinuko pasiporuhusu maji kutuama.

2. Zizi liweze kukinga mifugo dhidi ya wezi na wanyama hatari.

2. Ukubwa wa zizi uzingatie idadi na umri wa mifugo ng’ombe watengwe kulingana na umri wao.

3. Zizi lifanyiwe usafi mara kwa mara na Liwe na sehemu ya kukamulia (kwa ng’ombe wa maziwa), stoo ya vyakula, sehemu ya kutolea huduma za kinga na tiba, eneo la kulishia na maji ya kunywa.

ZIZI BORA.

Zizi lijengwe sehemu ya mwinuko isiyoruhusu maji kutuama mbali kidogo na makazi ya watu na liwe na sifa zifuatazo:-

1.Liweze kuhakikisha usalama wa ng’ombe. Ukubwa wa zizi uzingatie idadi ya mifugo.

2. Liwe na sakafu ya udongo ulioshindiliwa vizuri na kufanyiwa usafi mara kwa mara.

3. Zizi la ndama liwe na paa ma Lijengwe kwa vifaa madhubuti na visivyoharibu ngozi.

KUMBUKUMBU NA TAKWIMU MUHIMU.

Kumbukumbu ni taarifa au maelezo sahihi yaliyoandikwa kuhusu matukio muhimu ya kila ng’ombe na shughuli zote zinazohusiana na ufugaji. Mfugaji anashauriwa kuweka kumbukumbu na takwimu muhimu katika shughuli zake za ufugaji wa ng’ombe. Kumbukumbu zinamsaidia mfugaji kujua mapato na matumizi na kufanya maamuzi sahihi kuhusu mifugo husika na mazao yake. Aidha humwezesha kuweka mipango ya shughuli zake. Mfugaji anapaswa kuweka kumbukumbu muhimu zifuatazo:-

1. Uzazi (uhamilishaji na matumizi ya dume, tarehe ya kupandwa, kuzaa na kuachisha kunyonya)

2. Kinga na tiba

3. Utoaji wa maziwa

4. Ukuaji

5. Idadi ya ng’ombe kwa makundi – majike, ndama, mitamba, madume,maksai.

Ahsanteni

Prepared by:

Marcodenis E. Misungwi

Agriculture Field Extensionist.

KILIMO BORA CHA MAHINDI

Mahindi ni zao linalolimwa katika maeneo mengi hapa nchini, linahimili katika udongo wenye uchachu wa 6-6.5. Hustawi zaidi kwenye maeneo yenye mwinuko wa 2500. Zao la mahindi kama mazao mengine lina kanuni Zake.

KANUNI YA KWANZA: KUTAYARISHA SHAMBA MAPEMA.

Tayarisha shamba la mahindi mara tu baada ya kuvuna mazao ya msimu uliopita. Mahindi hustawi sehemu yenye udongo wenye rutuba na usiosimamisha maji. Moto usitumike Kuandaa shamba.

FAIDA ZA KUTAYARISHA SHAMBA MAPEMA.

Baada ya kuvuna,udongo bado ni mlaini hivyo hulimika kwa urahisi kwa kutumia jembe lolote. Masalia yatakayofunikwa udongoni huoza mapema. Hupunguza magugu. Hupunguza wadudu waharibifu.

KANUNI YA PILI: KUPANDA.

Wakati wa kupanda hutatanisha kwani mvua hayatabiriki,Kama mvua hunyesha nyakati na majira yale yale ya mwaka basi kalenda ifuatayo inaonyesha tahere za kupanda zao la mahindi katika eneo lako. Mbeya na maeneo ya jirani, mwanzoni mwa mwezi Novemba hadi Desemba mwishoni. Morogoro na maeneo ya jirani, Mwezi Januari katikati hadi Februari katikati Iringa na maeneo ya jirani, katikati ya mwezi Novemba hadi Desemba mwishoni Songea na maeneo ya jirani, katikati ya mwezi Novemba hadi Januari mwanzoni. Kupanda mahindi mapema ni muhimu kwani uwezekano wa kuvuna mazao mengi ni mkubwa. Kwa mashamba makubwa makubwa sana wakati wa kupanda uwe wiki moja kabla ya mvua kuanza kunyesha na isizidi wiki mbili kabla ya mvua. Isiwe mapema zaidi kwani mbegu zitaharibiwa na joto kati ya udongoni wadudu,panya,ndege na wanyama wengineo.

FAIDA ZA KUPANDA MAPEMA.

Mahindi yanapata mvua ya kutosha hadi kukomaa. Magonjwa kama yale ya ya majani (streak ugonjwa wa milia) hayatatokea au yatakuwa kidogo. Mbolea uliyoweka itayeyuka pamoja na mahindi yastawi vizuri.

KANUNI YA TATU: KUCHAGUA MBEGU BORA.

Mbegu bora ni zile zilizo zalishwa kitaalamu. Ni safi hazijabunguliwa na wadudu. Huzaa mazao mengi. Hustahimili magonjwa.

AINA ZA MBEGU.

1. Mbegu aina ya chotara (hybrid).
2. Aina ya ndugu moja(synthetic).
3. Mbegu aina ya composite.

Mbegu za kisasa zikitumiwa vizuri katika misingi ya kilimo, zina uwezo wa kuzaa magunia 50-80 au tani 5.5 – 7.5 kwa hekta moja au gunia 20-35 kwa hekari.

MAPENDEKEZO YA MBEGUZA KUPANDA.

Kuna mbegu nyingi za kisasa zilizoko kwenye soko mfano SIDCO ,PANNAR, PIONEER, KITALE kutoka KENYA n.k.
Ni vyema kufuata ushauriwa wataalamu wa kilimo.

KANUNI YA NNE KUPANDA.

Idadi ya mimea katika eneo ni muhimu kwani uzoefu unaonyesha wakulima wengi hawapati kiwango kinachotakiwa kutokana na upungufu wa idadi ya miche katika eneo husika. Na athari zake ni:-
1. Mazao hupungua.
2. Mmea huangushwa na upepo Mabua mengi hayazai. 3. Idadi ya mimea nayo ikipungua kwenya eneo husababisha mavuno kupungua jambo la kufanya ni kupanda mbegu katika nafasi sahihi zilizoshauriwa na wataalamu na kupanda kwa wakati na kwa umakini.

KIASI CHA KUPANDA.

Mbegu za mahindi huhifadhiwa kwa dawa kali na kiasi cha 10kg hutosha kupanda ekari moja. Nafasi za kupanda. 75cm x 30cm mche mmoja 75cm x 60cm miche miwili 90cm x 45cm miche miwili

KANUNI YA TANO; KUTUMIA MBOLEA.

Mahindi hustawi na kuzaa vizuri iwapo yatapatiwa mbolea pamoja na matunzo mengine ya kilimo bora. Ukipanda mbegu bora bila kutumia mbolea ni kazi bure.

KUNA AINA KUU MBILI ZA MBOLEA.

1. Mbolea za asili mfano; samadi,mboji na majani mabichi,mbolea hizi hazina virutubisho vya kutosha.
2. Mbolea za viwandani; ambazo hizi zimegawanyika katika makundi mawili ambayo ni za Kupandia na za kukuzia.

KANUNI YA SITA: KUVUNA KWA WAKATI.

Ili kuhakikisha upatikanaji wa kipato cha kutosha, ni lazima kuhakikisha kuwa mahindi yanavunwa kwa wakati. Utafiti unaonyesha kuwa 30% ya mavuno hupotea katika mchakato wa uvunaji, usafirishaji mpaka sokoni. Kwa ni muhimu sana kufuata njia bora na sahihi za uvunaji.

Ahsanteni............

Prepared by:

Marcodenis E. Misungwi. Agriculture Extensionist.

HEALTH FIT ADVICE, EAT AND STILL BE FIT.

Research Shows: Ginger Destroys Prostate Cancer, Ovarian And Colon Cancer Better Than Chemotherapy.
Numerous people around the world have known and used the incredible health properties of ginger.

Besides being a common spice added to foods, it has also been considered to be a natural remedy for numerous various illnesses. Nowadays, the modern science has confirmed this capacity of ginger, and studies suggest that it has an immense power in the treatment of cancer.

According to the Journal of Toxicology and Food Chemistry, ginger contains two substances, known as  gingerols and paradoles, which help the prevention of cancer. Yet, scientists have shown that than conventional cancer treatments, such aschemotherapy.

Ginger destroys Colorectal Cancer.

At the conference of Cancer Prevention Research in 2003, scientists showed that ginger efficiently prevents colorectal cancer. Yet, there are numerous studies which have confirmed the same.

The Journal of Nutrition published a study in 2015 which showed that despite preventing colon cancer, ginger also destroys colon cancer cells. Therefore, this amazing root can be of great help to people who suffer from colorectal cancer, as well as those who would use it as cancer prevention.

Ginger Treats Ovarian Cancer.

Angiogenesis is the condition of onset of cancer, and it greatly determines its growth and development. Therefore, if you manage to prevent the infection of the ovaries, you may successfully prevent the cancer development.

The "BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine" published a study which found that the ginger root has active ingredients with powerful anti-angiogenic properties, which can efficiently prevent the development of cancer.

Furthermore, the experiment of a scientist from the University of Michigan conducted at the American Association for Cancer Research showed that ginger effectively destroys cancer cells and is even a better alternative than chemotherapy, as the cancer cells in the ovaries do not develop resistance to it.

Additionally, the ginger therapy causes fewer side effects, does not cause drug resistance, and leads to less toxicity than the conventional treatments.

Ginger kills Prostate Cancer Cells.

The British Journal of Nutrition published another study which indicated that the extract of ginger successfully prevents the growth of prostate cancer cells. What's more, researchers suggest a dose of 100 mg ginger per kilo of body weight.

The findings of the study suggest that the ginger extract reduces the tumor growth by 56%.Also, ginger does not affect the development of healthy cells in the body, which is not the case with the conventional cancer treatment.

The conclusion was that it was the first report that offered a detailed explanation of the anti-carcinogenic activity "in vivo" or "in vitro" of the ginger extract in the therapeutic management of prostate cancer in humans.

Researchers also confirmed that it is more effective than chemotherapy, as it does not affect the healthy body cells. Furthermore, they have proved that ginger provides the same effects in the case of ovarian cancer as well.

Multiple studies have provided evidence that ginger efficiently prevents numerous cancer types and destroys the cancer cells in the colon, prostate, and ovaries.

Yet, the best thing about it all is that it does not cause detrimental side effects, as it destroys only the affected cells, and has no effects on the healthy ones. This means that this natural cancer treatment does not poison the body and only improves health.

Hence, you should start using ginger as a medicine as soon as possible, so make sure you incorporate it into your daily diet and use it regularly. In this way, you will prevent cancer, and even treat the existing disease, and enjoy numerous health benefits as well.

The recommended daily amount of ginger is anything up to 4 grams, while pregnant women should not take more than 1mg daily.

Finally, make sure you lead a healthy lifestyle, consume a healthy diet, and exercise regularly, in order to promote your wellbeing, and prevent cancer and other health problems.

Prepared by:

Marcodenis E. Misungwi

Agriculture Extensionist in the help of World Health and Wellness.

MAFANIKIO YA MAIS HA SIO ELIMU TU, UTHUBUTU, KUSTAHIMILI NA UJASIRI WA MAAMUZI.

✍Ukichunguza katika jamii, utabaini kuwa sehemu kubwa ya matajiri ni wale ambao wana elimu ndogo ama hawakusoma kabisa.

👉Katika miji na maeneo yote; wenye majengo ya maana, wenye makampuni makubwa, wenye utitiri wa malori na mabasi, wenye maduka makubwa ni wale wa "darasa la saba" au wale ambao hawakuingia darasani kabisa

📚 Wasomi wengi wana maisha ya kawaida yaani yale ya kiwango cha kubadilisha mboga, wakijitahidi sana wanaishia kujenga nyumba za kuishi  na magari mawili ya kutembelea (tena kwa mikopo!).

👉Wapo wasomi wengi tu wanaoishi kimasikini, kwa lugha ya kistaarabu tunasema wana maisha ya kuungaunga. Kiukweli idadi ya wasomi walio matajiri ni ndogo sana.

👉Lakini Umasikini wa wasomi wengi umeanzia huko shuleni na vyuoni wanakopatia usomi wao. Madarasani kuna mambo mawili wanafundishwa wasomi ambayo ndio yanayowaroga

Hii inachangiwa na mambo mawili:-
👇
I. Wameelimishwa na kuaminishwa kwamba yule anaepata maswali yote kwa usahihi ndio anaonekana amefaulu. Ukikosea unahesabika kuwa u mjinga na wenyewe wanaita umefeli

👉Hata hivyo katika maisha ya kawaida hasa kwenye mchakato wa kutafuta hela, kujaribu na kukosea ni sehemu ya mafanikio

👉Kadiri unavyojaribu na kukosea mara nyingi ndivyo unavyojifunza na ndivyo nafasi ya kutajirika kwako inakuwa kubwa!

📚Wasomi wengi kwa sababu ya "mentality" ya kuogopa kukosea huwa hawapendi kujaribu biashara kwa hofu ya kushindwa kuiendesha, na huamua kufa kimasikini wakitegemea mishahara pekee kwa sababu mishahara ndio pato lao la uhakika
👇
II. Madarasani kunahimizwa ubinafsi badala ya umoja. Angalia namna mitihani inavyofanyika. Kila mwanafunzi anafanya mtihani peke yake, na ukikutwa unaangalizia ama mnasaidiana na mwenzio ndani ya chumba cha mtihani mtapata adhabu kali ikiwemo kufutiwa mtihani!

👉Katika maisha ya kawaida hasa ya kusaka fedha, unahitajika ushirikiano mkubwa sana, baina yako na wadau, wateja, wafanyakazi wenzio, marafiki n.k. Kwa kifupi unatakiwa kuwa na Networking ya kutosha.

✋Huwezi kufika mbali kiuchumi kama utakuwa na "mentality" ya ubinafsi unaosisitizwa madarasani!

Simaanishi kusoma hakuna maana, isipokuwa ninakwambia: Kama ukipata nafasi ya kusoma, soma kwa bidii; lakini usibebe kila wanachokulisha madarasani; ukakileta huku mtaani.

Mwandishi maarufu wa vitabu vya uhamasishaji motivational books katika kitabu chake maarufu cha Rich Dady, Poor Dady anauliza swali hili:

"Does School prepare children for the real life" ni swali la msingi sana tunalopaswa kujiuliza hapa. Na pia katika kitabu hicho hicho anasema:

"Get with the times! Look around the richest people didn't get rich because of their Education"

Mtaani panahitaji akili ambayo ni tofauti na hiyo iliyopimwa kupitia kukariri ya vitabuni, mwishoni wanakuzawadia makaratasi yaitwayo vyeti.

Ukitaka kufanikiwa ungana na waliofanikiwa wakuelekeze jinsi gani wamefanikiwa.

Hii habari haitaki hasira, vumilia tu na jiongeze.

Prepared by:

Marcodenis E. Misungwi

Agriculture Extensionist.